This server contains a curated database of virus information.
| Virus Name | Attachment | Receptor | Tissue | Receptor Host | References | PubMed |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cercopithecine herpesvirus (Macacine alphaherpesvirus 1 (McHV-1; formerly Macacine herpesvirus 1,[3] Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1,[1] CHV-1[4]), Herpesvirus simiae, or Herpes virus B[2])) | N/A | nectin-1 and nectin-2 [ref.1] | recombinant B78H1 cell lines [ref.1] | N/A | ref.1 I. Patrusheva, L. Perelygina, I. Torshin, J. LeCher, J. Hilliard. B Virus (Macacine Herpesvirus 1) Divergence: Variations in Glycoprotein D from Clinical and Laboratory Isolates Diversify Virus Entry Strategies. J Virol. 2016 Sep 29;90(20):9420-32. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00799-16. | ref.1 27512063 |
| Human herpesvirus 1 | cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) via gH and gB [ref.2] | HSV-1 entry into cells requires the interaction of viral proteins glycoprotein D (gD) and glycoprotein B (gB) with distinct cellular receptor proteins. TNFRSF14/HVEM and PVRL1/nectin 1 as gD receptors and PILRA, MAG, and MYH9 as gB receptors. [ref.2] non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA), a subunit of non-muscle myosin IIA (NM-IIA), functions as an HSV-1 entry receptor by interacting with gB [ref.5] HS and 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (3-OS HS) for HSV-1 entry [ref.6] nectin-1 [ref.8] | epithelial or neuronal cells [ref.2] human conjunctival epithelial (HCjE) cells [ref.4] human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) [ref.6] human trabecular meshwork cells [ref.7] nTERT human keratinocyte cell line [ref.8] HS and 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (3-OS HS) in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) [ref.6] | PDB ID: 3SKU hNectin-1-HSV gD: M85, S84, N77, T66, N82, E125, F129 [ref.3] | ref.1 S.A. Connolly, T.S. Jardetzky, R. Longnecker. The structural basis of herpesvirus entry. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021 Feb;19(2):110-121. doi: 10.1038/s41579-020-00448-w. ref.2 R. Lathe, J.G. Haas. Distribution of cellular HSV-1 receptor expression in human brain. J Neurovirol. 2017 Jun;23(3):376-384. doi: 10.1007/s13365-016-0504-x. ref. 3 P. Di Giovine, E.C. Settembre, A.K. Bhargava, M.A. Luftig, H. Lou, G.H. Cohen, R.J. Eisenberg, C Krummenacher, A. Carfi. Structure of Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D Bound to the Human Receptor Nectin-1. PLoS Pathog. 2011 Sep;7(9):e1002277. doi: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002277. ref.4 J. Akhtar, V. Tiwari, M. -J. Oh, M. Kovacs, A. Jani, S.K. Kovacs, T. Valyi-Nagy, D. Shukla. HVEM and Nectin-1 Are the Major Mediators of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) Entry into Human Conjunctival Epithelium. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Sep;49(9):4026-35. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-1807. ref.5 J. Arii, H. Goto, T. Suenaga, M. Oyama, H. Kozuka-Hata, T. Imai, A. Minowa, H. Akashi, H. Arase, Y. Kawaoka, Y. Kawaguchi. Non-muscle myosin IIA is a functional entry receptor for herpes simplex virus-1. Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):859-62. doi: 10.1038/nature09420. ref.6 S. Choudhary, M. Marquez, F. Alencastro, F. Spors, Y. Zhao, V. Tiwari. Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 (HSV-1) Entry into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Heavily Dependent on Heparan Sulfate. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:264350. doi: 10.1155/2011/264350. ref.7 V. Tiwari, C. Clement, P.M. Scanlan, D. Kowlessur, B.Y.J.T. Yue, D. Shukla. A Role for Herpesvirus Entry Mediator as the Receptor for Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Entry into Primary Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells. J Virol. 2005 Oct;79(20):13173-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.20.13173-13179.2005. ref.8 C.L. Sayers, G. Elliott. Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Enters Human Keratinocytes by a Nectin-1-Dependent, Rapid Plasma Membrane Fusion Pathway That Functions at Low Temperature. J Virol. 2016 Oct 28;90(22):10379-10389. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01582-16. | ref.1 33087881 ref.2 27981441 ref.3 21980294 ref.4 18502984 ref.5 20944748 ref.6 21799659 ref.7 16189018 ref.8 27630229 |
| Human herpesvirus 2 | cell-surface glycosaminoglycans, most notably heparan sulfate [ref.3] | Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) [ref.1] HSV-2 receptor Nectin-1 [ref.2] virus utilizes nectin-1, and is also capable of utilizing HVEM and PILR-α to enter into RPE cells [ref.3] | an HSV-2 entry receptor, is highly expressed on HIV-1 target cells (CD4+ T cells) [ref.1] epithelial skin cells [ref.2] RPE cells [ref.3] | PDB ID: 4MYW HSV-2 gD-nectin-1: S59, K61, T63, Q64, T66, Q68, G73-N77, I80-N82, M85-S88, L90, E125, A127-T131, and N133. [ref.4] | ref.1 K. Hu, S. He, J. Xiao, M. Li, S. Luo, M. Zhang, Q. Hu. Interaction between herpesvirus entry mediator and HSV-2 glycoproteins mediates HIV-1 entry of HSV-2-infected epithelial cells. J Gen Virol. 2017 Sep;98(9):2351-2361. doi: 10.1099/jgv.0.000895. ref.2 R.J. Bayliss, V. Piguet The Ticking CLOCK of HSV-2 Pathology. J Invest Dermatol. 2018 Jan;138(1):17-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.028. ref.3 S.Y. Shukla, Y.K. Singh, D. Shukla. Role of Nectin-1, HVEM, and PILR-α in HSV-2 Entry into Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Jun;50(6):2878-87. doi: 10.1167/iovs.08-2981. ref.4 G. Lu, N. Zhang, J. Qi, Y. Li, Z. Chen, C. Zheng, G.F. Gao, J. Yan. Crystal Structure of Herpes Simplex Virus 2 gD Bound to Nectin-1 Reveals a Conserved Mode of Receptor Recognition. J Virol. 2014 Dec;88(23):13678-88. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01906-14. | ref.1 28809154 ref.2 29273146 ref.3 19234349 ref.4 25231300 |
| Human herpesvirus 6 | N/A | hCD46 for HHV-6 [ref.1] CD46 for HHV-6A, CD134 for HHV-6B [ref2] | CD4+ T cells in vitro CD134 in activated T cells [ref.2] | N/A | ref.1 H. Tang, Y. Mori. Human herpesvirus-6 entry into host cells. Future Microbiol. 2010 Jul;5(7):1015-23. doi: 10.2217/fmb.10.61. ref.2 E. Eliassen, E. Lum, J. Pritchett, J. Ongradi, G. Krueger, J..R Crawford, T.L. Phan, D. Ablashi, S.D. Hudnall. Human Herpesvirus 6 and Malignancy: A Review. Front Oncol. 2018 Nov 13;8:512. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00512. | ref.1 20632802 ref.2 30542640 |
| Human herpesvirus 7 | N/A | glycoprotein CD4, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily [ref.1] | CD4+ T cells A marked carcinoma cells (HeLa) expressing human CD4 [ref.1] | N/A | ref.1 M.F. Dutuze, M. Nzayirambaho, C.N. Mores, R.C. Christofferson. A Review of Bunyamwera, Batai, and Ngari Viruses: Understudied Orthobunyaviruses With Potential One Health Implications. Front Vet Sci. 2018 Apr 12;5:69. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00069. | ref.1 29707545 |
| Human herpesvirus 8 | N/A | DC-SIGN [ref.1] | dendritic cells, macrophages and B cells [ref.1] | N/A | ref.1 H.R. Hensler, M.J. Tomaszewski, G. Rappocciolo, C.R. Rinaldo, F.J. Jenkins. Human herpesvirus 8 glycoprotein B binds the entry receptor DC-SIGN. Virus Res. 2014 Sep 22;190:97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.07.003 | ref. 25018023 |